EXERCCISE:
A.Choose the correct option for each
of the following.
1.Kharif
crops are harvested in
a)March
b)September
c)October (✔)
d)April
2.Rabi crops are planted in
a)June
b)November (✔)
c)January
d)April
3.Which of the following is a part of
the process of the soil preparation ?
a)Sowing
b)Tilling (✔)
c)Threshing
d)Irrigation
4.Growing two different crops together
in the same field is called
a)Mixed
cropping (✔)
b)Ploughing
c)Harvesting
d)Irrigation
5.The process of storing food
materials at room temperature is called
a)Dry
storage (✔)
b)Cold
storage
c)Wet
storage
d)None of
these
B. State whether the following
statements are True (T) or False(F).
1.Crops are
the plants that are planted only for food .(F)
2.Manure is
not nutrient specific.(T)
3.Continuous
growth of crops in the same field enhances the
fertility of the soil(T)
4.Paddy is
a Kharif crop. (T)
5.Seed
drill is used to remove excess seeds to avoid
overcrowding.(F)
6.Plants
can use nitrogen directly from the atmosphere.(F)
C. Fill in the blanks using the
correct words.
1.Urea is a
fertilizer (fertilizer/manure)
2.Tilling
or ploughing of the soil is done by an instrument called plough (plough/tractor)
3.The
leveling of soil is done with the help of a leveller (leveller/cultivator)
4.The big
pieces of soil formed after ploughing are called clumps (crumbs/clumps)
5.The
rearing of honeybees is called apiculture (apiculture/aquaculture)
D.Give two examples for each of the
following:
1.Traditional
method of irrigation – Moat,Chain pump,Rahat ,Dhekli
2.Weeds-Grass,
Wild oat,Amaranthus
3.Methods
of sowing- Scattering seeds manually, Using a seed drill
4.Rabi
crops-Mustard ,Wheat
E.
Answer the following questions briefly.
1.What
is nitrogen fixations?
Ans:- The atmospheric nitrogen is converted into usable
form of nitrogen compounds ;this process is called nitrogen fixation.
2.Name
two modern irrigation methods and their advantages.
Ans:- Two modern irrigation system are –
a)Sprinkler
system –By this method water can distributed systematically and equally with
the help of rotating nozzles.
b)Drip
system-In this method water drip slowly to the roots of the plants so that no
water is wasted.
3.
How do leguminous plants fix nitrogen?
Ans:- Leguminous plants have bacteria (Rhizobium) in their
nodules shape roots. In these nodules, plants stored the absorbed nitrogen
compounds of soil in the form of protein.
After the death of the plants ,their remains decomposes and nitrogen compounds
return to the soil so that other plants can use it easily.
4.What
are pests and how are they controlled?
Ans:- The organism(rats,birds,insects) that destroy crops
by causing diseases or eating the plant parts before or after the harvest of
crops are called Pests.
Pets can be controlled by using
chemical called pesticides that kill these pests.
5.What
is animal husbandry ? Give two examples of animals that are reared in farms and
the products obtain from them .
Ans:- Rearing animals in farms in large numbers to meet our
needs of food and other products is called animal husbandry.
Example of
two animals and their product:
a)Sheep :
Meat, Wool
b)Silkworm:
Silk
F.Answer
the following questions in detail.
1.
Explain the processes that are carried out after the crops mature ?
Ans:- When crops become mature the following processes are
carried out-
a)Harvesting:
Harvesting i.e. cutting of crops is done manullay (using sickle) or by machine(harvester).
b)Threshing:
With the help of this method grains are separated from the husk by beating the
crops on a floor or by machine(combine)
c)Winnowing,Hulling,Milling:
The separation of loosened chaff from grains is called Winnowing.The removing
of outer covering of grain is called Hulling.The process of grinding grains in
to flour is called milling.
d)Storing:
After all the hard work crops are stored in Granaries and Silos to prevent it
from animals , bird , insects and microorganism in proper conditions(Temperature,fumigants).
2.Differentiate
between fertilizers and manures.
Ans:-
|
Manure
|
Fertilizer
|
|
1) It is
a natural organic substance.
2) It is required
in large amount.
3)It is
not nutrient specific.
4)They
are very cheap.
5) It
doesn’t alter the pH of soil or pollute it.
6) Example:Cow
dung, plant waste.
|
1)It is a
man made chemical substance.
2)It is
sufficient in small amount.
3) It is
nutrient specific.
4)They
are expansive.
5)Excessive
use can change the pH of soil or
causes pollution.
6)Example:
NPK type, Urea, ammonium sulphate .
|
|
|
|
3.Describe
the role of nitrogen fixation in agriculture.
Ans:- In nature nitrogen fixation happens due to lightning ,bacteria
and blue-green algae. Leguminous plants have bacteria (Rhizobium) in their
nodules shape roots .Soil too has some bacteria which can convert the atmospheric
nitrogen .So the available nitrogen of soil absorbed by the plants and stored
it in the form of protein. After the death of plants and animals their remains
decomposes and nitrogen compound return to the soil so that other plant can use
it easily. This whole process is called nitrogen cycle.
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