EXERICE
A.Choose
the correct option for each of the following .
1.The hormone that is released under
stress or excitement – c)Adrenaline .
2.The hormone secreted by pancreas – a)Insulin
3.The hormone responsible for the
development of secondary sexual characters in males – c)Testosterone
4.The fusion of male and female
gametes – c)Fertilization .
5.A secondary sexual character in
females – a)Enlarged
breasts .
B.State
whether the following statements are True (T) or
False (F) .
1.The female gamete is motile . (F)
2.The release of an ovum from the
ovaries is called ovulation. (T)
3.Males develop a deep voice during
puberty . (T)
4.The menstrual cycle in females is
not regulated by hormones . (F)
5.All parts of the human body grow at
the same rate . (F)
C.Fill
in the blanks with correct words .
1.The first menstrual flow that begins
at puberty is known as- Menarche .
2.Oestrogen is the –female
hormone.
3.The
changes that occur during adolescence are regulated by- hormones
.
4.The period between childhood and
adulthood is referred to as –Adolescence .
5.The male sex hormone is called – testosterone
.
D.Answer the following question in one sentence each.
1.At what ages do girls and boys reach adolescence .
ANS:-Between
the age of 11-16 years in boys and 10-15 in girls, they reach adolescence.
2.List two changes brought about by the release of
adrenaline.
ANS:-When
adrenaline hormone release it regulates – a)Heart beat
b)breathing rate c)blood pressure .
3.Define adolescence and puberty .
ANS:-
Adolescence
: The period of transition from childhood to adulthood is called adolescence .
Puberty
:the time in the life of human beings when they become sexually mature is
called puberty.
4.List two important reasons to maintain personal hygiene
during puberty.
ANS:-Two
important reasons to maintain personal hygiene during puberty are:
a)
Clothes must be changed every day as unhygienic conditions may lead to
bacterial or fungal infections.
b)
Girls should maintain proper hygiene during menstruation and keep track of
their menstrual cycle.
5.Differentiate between a gland and hormone .
ANS:-
Gland
|
Hormone
|
Glands are some special structures located at
specific places inside our body which secrete certain substance.
|
The chemical
substances that the endocrine glands secrete are called hormones .
|
E.Answer
the following questions briefly.
1.Name the two types of glands found in our body and state
where they are situated .
ANS:-
Two types of gland found in our body are :
a)Pituitary gland :- Situated
at the base of the brain .
b)Thyroid gland : - Situated at
the neck region .
2.Explain why people experienced mood swings during
adolescence .
ANS:-People
experienced mood swings during adolescence because of an increase in the
hormonal levels .
3.What is the role of growth hormones ?
ANS:-Growth
hormones regulates the growth of bones and muscles .Deficiency of this hormone
can cause dwarfism wherein an individual stops growing early and shows no
further growth at all .
4.What is the role of the testes and ovaries in the human
body .
ANS:-
Ovaries:- The ovaries are the egg producing female
reproductive organs .They also secrete the oestrogen and progesterone hormones which
are involved in appearance of secondary sexual characters and change take
during menstrual cycle.
Testes:-Testes are the endocrine glands that
secrete testosterone hormone which is responsible for appearance of the
secondary sexual characters in male’s body.
5.What is menstruation and when does it occur ?
ANS:-In
females , the phenomenon by which the
released egg and the thickened lining of the uterus along with its blood
vessels are shed from the body, is known as menstruation .
When fertilization does not occur,
menstruation take place.
F.Answer
the following questions in detail.
1.Write a short note on any three endocrine glands .Also
,state where they are located in the body and hormone that they release. Write
about the effects of the hormones they secrete .
ANS:-
About any three endocrine glands are discussing below:
a)Pituitary gland : It is a
pea-sized gland situated at the base of the brain. It regulates the functioning
of most of the other endocrine glands. The pituitary gland in turn regulated by
a structure called hypothalamus present in the brain. This gland secreted a
growth hormone which regulate the growth of muscles and bones .It also secrete
some other hormone like – TSH,FSH,LH etc.
b)Thyroid hormone : The
thyroid gland is located in the neck region and secretes a hormone called
thyroxine . Iodine is necessary for the secretion of thyroxine .This hormone
regulates the rate of metabolism , physical growth and mental development of an
individual .The deficiency of this hormone causes simple goitre.
c)Adrenal gland
: The
adrenal glands are triangular in shape and situated on top of the two kidneys.
They secrete a hormone called adrenaline .This hormone is secreted when the
body faces situations of excitement, fear or stress .It regulates the
heartbeat, breathing rate and blood pressure which prepares
the body for action .
2.Explain the role of hormones during
the puberty ?
ANS:-
During puberty different hormones plays an important role in male and female
body. Some of them are as follows:
a)Growth hormone : This
hormone secreted by pituitary gland
which regulates the growth of bones and
muscles.
b)Stimulating hormone:
Stimulating hormones such as follicle-SH and Luteinizing-H stimulate the gonads
to release their respective hormones and Thyroid-SH regulates the secretion of
hormone of Thyroid gland.
c)Thyroxine hormone: This
hormone secreted by thyroid gland which regulates the rate of metabolism,
physical growth and mental development of an individual.
d)Adrenaline hormone:
This hormone is secreted by adrenal gland during excitement ,fear , stress to
regulate heart beat , breathing rate , blood pressure .
e)Oestrogen/Progesterone hormone:
Oestrogen hormone responsible for appearance of the secondary sexual character
in females , while progesterone hormone is involved during menstrual cycle.
d)Testosterone : This
hormone is responsible for the appearance of the secondary sexual character in
males .
3.List any five consequences of drug
abuse .
ANS:-
Five consequences of drug abuse are :
a)EDUCATION:-Drug abusing students may
develop attentive and behavioral difficulties , irregular in classes or they
may drop out of school.
b)WORK PLACE:-Addiction can
lead to lack of concentration, inability to work, accidents ,job turnover etc.
c)FAMILY:- Drug abuse can
leads addicts to lack of participation in family activities, lake of emotional commitment
and support for parents and children .As
a result addicts abandon their family and friends.
d)CRIME:-Drug addicts may
steal to pay for their drugs out of desperation,
unaware of the wrong that they are
committing.
e)HIV/AIDS:-Addicts who
share needles to inject the drug into their body face the danger of getting
infected with the HIV, which can cause the AIDS. AIDS is a fatal disease that
has no cure so far.
4)List five dietary requirements and
practices for adolescent to stay healthy .
ANS:-
a) Food rich in calories and protein
must be consumed. Examples of calorie-rich foods include grains , nuts, pulses,
meat, milk and milk products, fruits and vegetables. Such foods meet the
growing demands of the body.
b)Calcium and iron-rich foods like
milk, leafy vegetables and meat help to increase bone density and prevent
anaemia.
c)Having meals at the right time is
also very important; skipping meals must be avoided.
d)Food consumption has to be balanced
with the amount of physical activity like walking, jogging, cycling , playing different outdoor games etc
which keeps the body fit and healthy .
e)During ,adolescence , there is
excess secretion of sweat and bodily fluid , which leads to body odour. Hence it is important to bath daily
and keep the body clean .
5.What are secondary sexual characters ? Explain. Also,
list the factors that bring about these changes .
ANS:- Secondary sexual characters are as follows :
a)Increase
in height: This may happen
gradually or sometimes a sudden change in height can take place due to the elongation of the bones in the
arms and legs.
b)Activity
of sweat and oil glands: Sweat glands
responsible for body odour and oil glands
responsible for acne and pimples on the face.
c)Development
of body hair: In both boys and
girls, hairs develop under armpits and in the pubic region; boys also develop
hair on the face and chest.
d)Voice
changes: In males, the larynx increases
in size and appears as a protrusion in the throat. During this stage, the voice
cracks and the individual develops a deep voice. Females may develop a
high-pitched and shrill voice.
e)Body
changes: In males, the
shoulders become broader and the chest becomes wider due to increased muscle
development. In females, the waist broadens and deposition of fat around the
hips takes place.
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